No country currently has a flag which is a rectangle of a single, solid colour, but there are several historical example. Most recently, the flag of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi (officially the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) was a green field, to accompany his Green Book, and replicating this historical green banners of the Fatimid caliphate. After his overthrow in 2011 the flag of the Kingdom of Libya, first adopted in sixty years before, was reinstated.
Another Caliphate, the Umayyad based at Damascus, had a wholly white flag for its entire existence, from 661-750. The Abbasids, immediately after them, has a solid black flag. In Cairo, the Ayyubids, starting with Saladin in 1171 and continuing until the rise of the Mamluks, had an all-yellow flag.
The longest-lived monocolour flag was also all-yellow, the flag of the Empire of Brunei for 520 years, and for the first 18 years as a British Protectorate. The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman had a red flag from 1856 until the end of the British-backed rule of Sultan Said in 1970 and the installation of his son, Sultan Qaboos in 1970. Other past Sultanates with single colours on their flag include The Maldives (1796-1903; also red), and Maguindanao (1500-1888, yellow again).
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